Other names: cryptorchidism

Definition: In normal fetal development, the testicles develop in the abdomen and descend into the scrotum during the last months before birth. In a small percentage (0.04%) of newborns, one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum.

Indications: Orchidopexy is recommended for infants over 1 year of age whose testicles have not descended into the scrotum (cryptorchidism). It is more common in premature babies. Most often, only one side is affected. It is not unusual for undescended testicles to descend into the scrotum by one year of age; testicles rarely descend after the age of one year. Undescended testicles can cause infertility or malignant tumors(rare) in later years.

Description of the operation: While the child is deep asleep and pain-free (using general anesthesia), an incision is made in the groin, where most undescended testes are lodged. The spermatic cord is located and freed from surrounding tissues to maximize its length. A small incision is made in the scrotum and a pouch is created. The testicle is located and carefully pulled down into the scrotum. The testicle is stitched in place in the scrotum (orchidopexy) and the incisions are stitched closed.

Expectations after surgery: Orchidopexy is successful in most cases. The long-term prognosis for hormone production is excellent. Placing the testicle improves the ability of the testicle to function and allows monitoring of the testicle; however, the child will still have a decreased potential for fertility and increased chance of testicular tumors.

Convalescence: The surgery may be done on an outpatient basis. Strenuous activity, including bicycling, should be avoided for at least 1 month to allow rehabilitation of the testis in its new position.